The following is a chapter from the book Behind the Veil of Moses, by Brian L. Martin.

Coming In The Clouds  

The reader may be surprised to learn that the Incarnation was not the only instance of God coming down to earth mentioned in the Bible. Consider the following example from the book of Judges:

Then Deborah said to Barak, “Up! For this is the day in which the LORD has delivered Sisera into your hand. Has not the LORD gone out before you?” So Barak went down from Mount Tabor with ten thousand men following him.

And the LORD routed Sisera and all his chariots and all his army with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot and fled away on foot.

But Barak pursued the chariots and the army as far as Harosheth Hagoyim, and all the army of Sisera fell by the edge of the sword; not a man was left.   Judg 4:14-16

1 Then Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam sang on that day, saying:

2 “When leaders lead in Israel ,

When the people willingly offer themselves,

Bless the LORD!

3 “Hear, O kings! Give ear, O princes!

I, even I, will sing to the LORD;

I will sing praise to the LORD God of Israel .

4 “LORD, when You went out from Seir,

When You marched from the field of Edom ,

The earth trembled and the heavens poured,

The clouds also poured water;

5 The mountains gushed before the LORD,

This Sinai, before the LORD God of Israel .

13 The LORD came down for me against the mighty.

20 They fought from the heavens;

The stars from their courses fought against Sisera.”

Judg 5:1-5, 13, 20 (emphasis added)

Notice v. 13 says explicitly that “the LORD came down . . . .” Now some might be quick to say that He came in judgment, but not physically. Is not the book of Revelation describing the Lord’s judgment? In expecting a physical coming, are we not making the same mistake that the first century Jews did, in expecting their Messiah to physically deliver them from the Romans and to reign from Jerusalem ? Note also that, just as in the example of David from the chapter Apocalyptic Language, the historic account in Judges seems to be a typical battle scene, while the ensuing song of praise describes the victory as “the Lord coming down.” The following are additional examples of the Lord “coming down”:

And they heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden. Gen 3:8

But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built.  And the LORD said, “Indeed the people are one and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do will be withheld from them.  Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.”  So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they ceased building the city. Therefore its name is called Babel , because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. Gen 11:5-9

And the LORD said, “Because the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grave, I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry against it that has come to Me; and if not, I will know.” Gen 18:20-21

Then God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Padan Aram , and blessed him . . . . Then God went up from him in the place where He talked with him. Gen 35:9, 13

And Joseph said to his brethren, “I am dying; but God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land to the land of which He swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.” Gen 50:24

And the LORD said: “I have surely seen the oppression of My people who are in Egypt , and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.  So I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up from that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey . . . .” Exod 3:7-8

And let them be ready for the third day. For on the third day the LORD will come down upon Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. Exod 19:11

So the LORD said to Moses: “Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel , whom you know to be the elders of the people and officers over them; bring them to the tabernacle of meeting, that they may stand there with you.  Then I will come down and talk with you there.” Num 11:16-17 (emphases added)

So we see that God has come down to man on many occasions, often in association with judgment or deliverance. As students of the Word, have we ever insisted that all of these “comings” were physical, bodily manifestations of God? We do not claim that God physically came down and delivered David and Deborah from their enemies, yet we must trust the Bible when it says that God came down in those instances. We seem to have no problem understanding those comings as “spiritual, metaphorical” comings of God.

Why, then, when the descriptions of Christ’s Second Coming echo those same themes of judgment upon His enemies, and deliverance of His people, do we apply the physical nature of the Incarnation to it, and not the spiritual nature established by the precedent in the Old Testament? The reason that most people make this application is because Christ’s physical body ascended into heaven, and He was said to be coming back in like manner:

Now when He had spoken these things, while they watched, He was taken up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight. And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven as He went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel, who also said, “Men of Galilee , why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven.” Acts 1:9-11

Based upon the statement of the angels, most believe the implication is that Jesus will return bodily. However, we recall to the reader our study on the Greek word “houto,” from the chapter The New Covenant and Israel, where we focused on the phrase “and so all Israel shall be saved.” Houto means “in this way—referring to what precedes or follows.” This same Greek word is used in Acts 1:11 “This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven.” He will come in like manner as He was taken up. How was He taken up? “. . . while they watched, He was taken up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight.” While many in the Church make the focus that Christ bodily ascended, therefore He must bodily return, we believe that the other references to His coming, and the use of “houto” here, place the emphasis on His returning in the clouds. If someone departs for a destination on a plane, and we are told that they are returning in the same manner as they left, do we understand that to mean their physical condition (wearing the same clothes, arm still in a cast, etc.), or that they are coming back on a plane? The angel did not say that Jesus would return in the same condition that He left, but in the same manner. The focus is not on the condition of the traveler, but on the mode of transportation—in the clouds! Notice how this theme is prevalent in Second Coming passages:

Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. Matt 24:30

Again the high priest asked Him, saying to Him, “Are You the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?” Jesus said, “I am. And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven.” Mark 14:61-62

Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. 1 Thess 4:17

Behold, He is coming with clouds, and every eye will see Him, even they who pierced Him. And all the tribes of the earth will mourn because of Him. Even so, Amen. Rev 1:7

Then I looked, and behold, a white cloud, and on the cloud sat One like the Son of Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. Rev 14:14 (emphases added)

Is this coming in the clouds something new to the early church, or had they heard the term before? Once again, we turn to the Old Testament:

Then the earth shook and trembled;

The foundations of the hills also quaked and were shaken,

Because He was angry.

Smoke went up from His nostrils,

And devouring fire from His mouth;

Coals were kindled by it.

He bowed the heavens also, and came down

With darkness under His feet.

And He rode upon a cherub, and flew;

He flew upon the wings of the wind.

He made darkness His secret place;

His canopy around Him was dark waters

And thick clouds of the skies.

From the brightness before Him,

His thick clouds passed with hailstones and coals of fire. The LORD thundered from heaven,

And the Most High uttered His voice,

Hailstones and coals of fire.

He sent out His arrows and scattered the foe,

Lightnings in abundance, and He vanquished them.

Then the channels of the sea were seen,

The foundations of the world were uncovered

At Your rebuke, O LORD,

At the blast of the breath of Your nostrils.

Ps 18:7-15 (emphasis added)

We have already looked at the parallel passage from 2 Samuel 22 in the chapter Apocalyptic Language. The reader is reminded of the apocalyptic language, used by David in describing the Lord’s delivering him from his enemies and Saul. David makes these statements in his song of thanksgiving, yet not one of these items is mentioned as a literal event in the historic accounts in Samuel. But we digress, for our current subject is coming in the clouds. We offer further examples, once again highlighting specific phrases in a bold font:

He lays the beams of His upper chambers in the waters,

Who makes the clouds His chariot,

Who walks on the wings of the wind . . . .Ps 104:3

The burden against Egypt .

Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud,

And will come into Egypt ;

The idols of Egypt will totter at His presence,

And the heart of Egypt will melt in its midst. Isa 19:1

Blow the trumpet in Zion ,

And sound an alarm in My holy mountain!

Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble;

For the day of the LORD is coming,

For it is at hand:

A day of darkness and gloominess,

A day of clouds and thick darkness,

Like the morning clouds spread over the mountains.

Joel 2:1-2

God is jealous, and the LORD avenges;

The LORD avenges and is furious.

The LORD will take vengeance on His adversaries,

And He reserves wrath for His enemies;

The LORD is slow to anger and great in power,

And will not at all acquit the wicked.

The LORD has His way

In the whirlwind and in the storm,

And the clouds are the dust of His feet. Nah 1:2-3

The great day of the LORD is near;

It is near and hastens quickly.

The noise of the day of the LORD is bitter;

There the mighty men shall cry out.

That day is a day of wrath,

A day of trouble and distress,

A day of devastation and desolation,

A day of darkness and gloominess,

A day of clouds and thick darkness . . . .Zeph 1:14-15

So again we must ask ourselves, when the early Christians (mostly Jewish converts) heard, or read, of Christ coming in the clouds to judge His enemies and deliver His saints, what images were conjured up in their minds? Did they see the Mount of Olives splitting in two, the heavens rolling up like a scroll and the stars falling from the sky, or did they see something else? Almost all of the above passages describe God coming to various nations in judgment—judgments that occurred years before the New Testament era. There is nothing to indicate that any of the apocalyptic details literally happened, nor that anyone believed that they had. So what did happen? These nations were attacked, in various degrees, by foreign armies. Those armies, knowingly or not, were God’s instruments of judgment against these nations. Again, what did the early church envision as the coming of the Lord in judgment? Remember our Lord’s admonition to them:

But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation is near. Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those who are in the midst of her depart, and let not those who are in the country enter her. For these are the days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled. But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing babies in those days! For there will be great distress in the land and wrath upon this people. And they will fall by the edge of the sword, and be led away captive into all nations. And Jerusalem will be trampled by Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. Luke 21:20-24

Apostate Israel had played the harlot before God long enough. They had become His enemy, and the enemy of His new chosen people, the Church. He was about to come in judgment to them and destroy their city and temple, indicating an end to the Old Covenant, and confirming the New Covenant, which they had been persecuting. In AD 70, after 3 ½ years of fighting (the time, times and half a time, the 1260 days, the 42 months of Revelation) the Roman army was victorious, and concerning the temple, not one stone was left upon another.

The predisposition to interpret the Second Coming as having a nature more like the Incarnation, than of the previous examples from the Old Testament, we believe, is due largely to the following three items:

·    A misunderstanding of the nature of the New Covenant.

·    Interpreting the statement of the angels in Acts 1, “This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven,” as focusing on His physical body, rather than on His being caught up in the clouds.

·    Christ is the “first fruits” of the redeemed; therefore His physical, bodily resurrection is indicative of our future bodily resurrection—thus necessitating a more “physical” nature to the Second Coming.

The first item was the subject of Part I of our study. We have attempted to address the second item in this chapter, as well as the chapter on Apocalyptic Language. Hopefully the reader, if not convinced, at least admits that the New Testament language describing the Second Coming is strikingly similar to that of Old Testament comings, which generations of Christians have had no problem understanding in a spiritual, metaphorical sense. The third item is, admittedly, not an easy topic, yet we will endeavor to shed some light on it in a later chapter.

In light of the Old Testament examples of “comings of the Lord,” and the apocalyptic language that is inextricably wrapped up with them, we feel that a serious reconsideration is due regarding the nature of the Second Coming of Christ. Is not the book of Revelation a “revealing” of Christ coming in His glory, meting out judgment to His enemies, and bringing deliverance to His people? And is not this “coming” also clothed in the same apocalyptic language that we have seen in the Old Testament? If we truly allow Scripture to interpret Scripture, do not the Olivet discourse and Revelation continue in the Old Testament precedent of “comings of the Lord” in judgment and deliverance? Does not the evidence favor His coming in the clouds of judgment, as opposed to physically touching down on earth?

Lest some think that by claiming a “spiritual” return of Christ, as opposed to a physical one, we are denying the physical, bodily resurrection of our Lord, we emphatically affirm our conformity to the doctrine of His bodily resurrection. Our focus here is not on the substance of our Lord as He ascended, but the manner in which He ascended—in the clouds. As mentioned earlier, we will attempt to deal with the issue of the substance of our Lord’s resurrected body and its implications in a later chapter.

It may be argued that regardless of the substance of our Lord’s resurrected body, there is an undeniable emphasis as to the visual aspect of His return:

Now when He had spoken these things, while they watched, He was taken up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight. And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven as He went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel, who also said, “Men of Galilee , why do you stand gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will so come in like manner as you saw Him go into heaven.” Acts 1:9-11

Behold, He is coming with clouds, and every eye will see Him, even they who pierced Him. And all the tribes of the earth will mourn because of Him. Even so, Amen. Rev 1:7 (emphases added)

That there seems to be a visual aspect to the Second Coming we are not too quick to deny. But how is this any different than “the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together,” being fulfilled during the ministry of John the Baptist? Consider also the way that Jesus described to His disciples how He would be “seen” by them:

A little while longer and the world will see Me no more, but you will see Me. Because I live, you will live also.  At that day you will know that I am in My Father, and you in Me, and I in you.  He who has My commandments and keeps them, it is he who loves Me. And he who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and manifest Myself to him. Judas (not Iscariot) said to Him, “Lord, how is it that You will manifest Yourself to us, and not to the world?” Jesus answered and said to him, “If anyone loves Me, he will keep My word; and My Father will love him, and We will come to him and make Our home with him.” John 14:19-23

Jesus said that the world would not see Him, but that His disciples would. Judas asked how this could be. Jesus’ response was that He and the Father would make Their home with them. Surely we understand this to refer to a spiritual relationship between God and man, and not dwelling in a physical house. The world will not see Him because they have no relationship with Him. The “seeing” that the disciples would experience was in the spiritual realm, with “the eyes of their heart” (Eph 1:18 NASU).

We don’t disallow that that generation may have seen Christ in some sense at His return. He showed Himself to many to establish His resurrection (1 Cor 15:4-8), why not do the same to establish His return in judgment, especially to those who pierced Him? And we mustn’t forget the supernatural events recorded by Josephus during the destruction of Jerusalem :

 . . . for, before sun-setting, chariots and troops of soldiers in their armor were seen running about among the clouds, and surrounding of cities. Moreover, at that feast which we call Pentecost, as the priests were going by night into the inner [court of the temple,] as their custom was, to perform their sacred ministrations, they said that, in the first place, they felt a quaking, and heard a great noise, and after that they heard a sound as of a great multitude, saying, “Let us remove hence.” (Wars, 5.5—brackets in original)

No Scriptures come to mind which would preclude Jesus from appearing to those upon whom judgment was falling, that they might know by Whom and why they were being judged. Who can say that those who pierced Him did not see Him in some form or fashion, and realize that the Messiah, Whom they had rejected, had returned as Judge? (“Those who pierced Him” we take as meaning the Jews who cried, “crucify Him, crucify Him,” not necessarily the Roman soldiers who actually nailed Him to the cross. This agrees with the prophecy of Zech. 12:10.) Or who can say whether the Pharisees, who understood that the Lord’s parables were spoken against them, realized that those parables were being fulfilled when the landowner came to slay His enemies and give the vineyard (kingdom) to another (Matt 21:33-44), and that having rejected the wedding invitation, the King had sent out His armies to destroy them and burn up their city (Matt 22:1-10)? Or that the Sanhedrin that condemned Christ saw Him, as He said they would, “at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven” (Matt 26:64)?

In areas where Scripture is silent, or speaks little, we feel it wise to follow suit. Believing that the majority of Scripture argues for a spiritual return of Christ in the clouds of judgment, as described by apocalyptic language, we feel constrained to speak no further on if, how, and by whom Christ was seen at His return.